Matter
Anything that has both mass and volume or the “stuff” of the
universe: books, planets, trees, professors, students
• Organisms are composed of matter
• Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass
• Matter is composed of chemical elements
• Matter is found on the Earth in three physical states
–Solid
–Liquid
–Gas
States of
Matter
• Gases take the shape and
volume of their container and
can be compressed to
form liquids
• Liquids take the shape of
their container, but they do have
their own volume
• Solids are rigid and have
a definite shape and volume
Classification of Matter
• Element: a
substance composed of only one type of
atom (all the
atoms have the same number of
protons).
• Molecule: a unit
composed of two or more atoms
joined
together by chemical bonds
• Compound: a
substance composed of 2 or more
elements that
have been joined by chemical bonds
•Mixture: a
combination of 2 or more substances that
do NOT
chemically bond e.g. sugar mixed with salt
Atoms
• Each element
consists of one kind of unique atom
• An atom is the
smallest unit of matter that still retains the
properties of
an element, it cannot be broken down to other
substances by
chemical reactions
Subatomic
Particles
• Atoms are composed of subatomic particles
• Relevant subatomic particles include:
–Neutrons (no electrical charge)
–Protons (positive charge)
–Electrons (negative charge)
• Neutrons and protons form the atomic nucleus
• Electrons form a cloud around the nucleus
Elements
• If a pure substance cannot be decomposed into
something else, then the substance is an element
• There are 114 elements known, 92 naturally occurring
Each element is given a
unique chemical symbol
Compounds
• Form when two or more
different elements join (bond) together chemically
• Composition is identical
in each sample
• Can be separated only by
chemical methods
• Properties of a compound
are totally different than
the properties
of the elements that form them
• Examples: Water, Carbon
dioxide, Sugar
Molecules
The smallest identifiable
unit that retains the physical
and chemical
properties of the pure substances.
Mixtures
• Form when elements and/or
compounds are combined physically
• Properties of a mixture
are related to its components
• Composition varies from
sample to sample
• Can be separated by
physical methods
• Examples of Mixtures:
Tea, Perfume, Air, Salad, Beach sand, oil and vinegar salad dressing, etc.
Mixtures are often
referred to as homogeneous
or heterogeneous.
• Homogeneous mixtures
(Solutions) have
a uniform
distribution.
• For example: Tea,
Perfume, Air
• Heterogeneous
mixtures
do not have a
uniform distribution.
• Parts are often visible
• For example: Salad, Beach
Sand,
Oil and
Vinegar dressing
Distinguishing between Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
What is the different between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture?
BalasHapusHomogeneous mixtures (Solutions) have a uniform distribution
Hapus•For example: Tea, Perfume, Air
Heterogeneous mixtures do not have a uniform distribution. Parts are often visible
• For example: Salad, Beach Sand, Oil and Vinegar dressing
"If a pure substance can not be decomposed into
BalasHapussomething else ", then the substance is an element, what the purpose of decomposed? and please give an example, thanks.
If a pure substance can be chemically decomposed it is classified as a compound. If a pure substance cannot be chemically decomposed it is classified as an element.
HapusWater is an example of a compound. It is an example of a compound because it is a pure substance that can be decomposed into components. In the electrolysis exercise in this lesson water is separated into its components. When an electric current is passed through water, it is able to separate the hydrogen from the oxygen. Because water is a pure substance that can be decomposed, we classify it as a compound.
Elements, on the other hand, are pure substances which cannot be decomposed by electrolysis or any other kind of chemical reaction.
Why l,g,and s isn't the same???
BalasHapusSorry weni, I don't understand the meaning of your question. Can you explain it?
HapusWhy liquid gases and solid isnt the same.probably thats what weni means to
HapusOh thanks aldi, I must be more focus next time
HapusAnd for weni, liqiud solid and gases aren't the same because it has many differences.
HapusA substance having structural rigidity and has a firm shape which cannot be changed easily is called solid. A water-like fluid, that flows freely, having a definite volume but no permanent shape, is called liquid. Gas refers to a state of matter, do not have any shape but conform to the shape of the container, completely, in which it is put in
why a perfume into the homogeneous mixture examples ? why? why?
BalasHapusPerfume is a fragrance that is made from a mixture of aromatic compounds and solvents. it is made by diluting perfume oils in ethanol or a mixture of ethanol and water.
HapusA homogeneous mixture has the same composition of elements and / or compounds throughout. If you observed a homogeneous mixture under a microscope, you would see that the particles of various components are evenly distributed. A homogeneous mixture is also called a solution.
so you see perfumes are homogeneous mixtures.
what is the meaning of having a uniform and non uniform distribution?
BalasHapusHomogeneous is Uniform distribution, it's mean the sameness and heterogeneous don't have uniform distribution, it's mean the different
Hapuscan you give me a sample of the element hydrogen?
BalasHapusH20 is the important thing in our live that made up of hydrogen and oxygen then the most important single use of hydrogen is in the manufacture of ammonia (NH 3 ). Ammonia is made by combining hydrogen and nitrogen at high pressure and temperature in the presence of a catalyst.
HapusAmmonia is a very important compound. It is used in making many products, the most important of which is fertilizer.
Hydrogen is also used for a number of similar reactions. For example, it can be combined with carbon monoxide to make methanol—methyl alcohol, or wood alcohol (CH 3 OH):
Tritium (hydrogen-3, the third isotope of hydrogen), is used in the manufactures of fusion bombs
What is the differents between state of matter with phase of matter?
BalasHapus• States of matter is a more specific and precise term than phases of matter. State of matter is the state of a particular compound in a physical system whereas phase is a set of states within such a system.
Hapus• Phases of matter can refer to the types of molecular motion. Phases of matter Phases of matter can refer to a certain region in space
Example: At room temperature and pressure, the state of a piece of dry ice (carbon dioxide) would be solid and gas phases. At 0 °C, the state of water can be the solid, liquid, and gas phase. The state of water in a glass is the liquid phase
Properties of a compound are totally different than
BalasHapusthe properties of the elements, why ?? Explain it carefully.
Elements are distinguished by their name, symbol, atomic number, melting point, boiling point, density and ionization energies.
HapusCompounds are composed of different elements in a fixed proportion. For example, 1 atom of sodium (Na) combines with 1 atom of chlorine (Cl) to form one molecule of sodium chloride (NaCl) compound. The elements in a compound do not always retain their original properties and cannot be separated by physical means. The combining of elements is facilitated by their valency. Valency is defined as the number of hydrogen atoms required that can combine with an atom of the element forming the compound
What is the difference between molecule and compound ..? And please give me example
BalasHapusA molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements. All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds.
HapusMolecular hydrogen (H2), molecular oxygen (O2) and molecular nitrogen (N2) are not compounds because each is composed of a single element. Water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are compounds because each is made from more than one element.
For example, a single molecule of molecular hydrogen is made from two atoms of hydrogen while a single molecule of water is made from two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.
Atom is the smallest things..and in your statement elements has mass.. So, what atom has mass too? If yes, how can atom has mass?
BalasHapusNo particle of matter intrinsically has "mass" which is simply another word for energy.
HapusThe following is a basic overview where an atom's mass comes from. I will include links if the more subtle details of the physics are of interest.
The mass associated with particles whether they are fundamental like the electron or composite like the proton, is the energy of some interaction. The quarks and electrons acquire mass by interacting with the Higgs field. They cause the Higgs field to oscillate and the energy of this oscillation is what we refer to as their mass. This accounts for about 1-2% of an atom's mass.
The other 98-99% of the mass comes from quark-gluon interactions within the nucleus and is described by quantum chromodynamics
Explain some of the benefits of containing halogen?
BalasHapusFluoride can be found in many everyday products, including toothpaste, vitamin supplements, baby formulas, and even public water. However, overconsumption of fluoride can be fatal.
HapusChlorine accounts for about 0.15 percent of human body weight and plays several important roles in the body's functioning. Compounds of both chlorine and bromine are used as disinfectants for sterilization.
Iodine is essential for the functioning of the body's thyroid gland. Without iodine, thyroid hormones cannot be produced, which leads to hypothyroidism.
Drug candidates that have incorporated halogen atoms are usually more lipophilic and less water-soluble than their analogues, and so have improved penetration through lipid membranes and tissues. Because of this, some halogenated drugs can accumulate in adipose tissue.
Polyhalogenated compounds (PHCs) are highly reactive and also bioaccumulate in humans; some of them have toxic and carcinogenic properties. PHCs are used in a vast array of manufactured products and in pest control.
can you give me example of element and atom?
BalasHapusAtoms are the smallest bits of ordinary matter and are made from particles called protons (which carry a positive electrical charge), neutrons (which carry no electrical charge) and electrons (which carry a negative electrical charge). The protons and neutrons cluster together in the central part of the atom, called the nucleus, and the electrons 'orbit' the nucleus. A particular atom will have the same number of protons and electrons and most atoms have at least as many neutrons as protons.
HapusAn element is a substance that is made entirely from one type of atom. For example, the element hydrogen is made from atoms containing just one proton and one electron
Gas takes the shape and volume of their containers and Can be compressed to form a liquid. And why is it happening?
BalasHapusIn the gas substance, the distance between the particles is very far apart so that the interparticle in their containers. This causes the gas substance can not maintain the shape and volume so that the form and volume of gas substance always changes according to the space it occupies
Hapus